Free Essays on Family

One of the main institutions in society is found within the household and is popularly known as "The Family." It is here, in the family, where the commencement of society takes place. It is amongst this unit that the origin of women's oppression began with the constant power struggle between man and woman. With the "nuclear family" slowly being thrown out the window and the new "dual-earner" family creeping in to takes it's place, it's no wonder that women's positions have changed radically over the past one hundred years. Although their positions in the family and work force are indeed changing, their workload, however, is not. With this radical change many issues can be addressed, particularly, to the women's role and how it has remained fairly constant over the years. A closer examination will look at the development of gender inequality within the family as a result of the ever-changing issue. A second issue that needs to be inspected is that the family roles have changed in regards to family make-up as women have moved into the work force. This growing capital effort to increase standards of living by pushing every family member into the paid labour force has taken a toll on the family unit. The final issue that will be investigated in this report is how the traditional sex roles have remained constant, even with women's ever-changing family position over the years. For decades, commencing back to the time when patriarchy was the "norm" and women were their husband's property, men have oppressed women. This ideology of patriarchy existed way before it was ever examined by sociologists and it was accepted as a natural or biological way of living. It wasn't until the 1960's when feminist groups began to explore patriarchy and at the same time began to exploit it, that patriarchy was established. Feminists at that time, and even still today, believe that patriarchy operates to achieve and maintain gender inequality and ... Free Essays on Family Free Essays on Family What is the term family? What does it mean? The definition of family means a â€Å"set of relations especially parents and children† This might include anyone related to by blood or by adoption such as: step parents, grandparents acting as parents, and even brothers and sisters sometimes sharing the same household. The term family has been believed to coincide with the word â€Å"marriage†. If you were to have a family, you were also thought to have a husband or wife. This was thought to be the norm for many centuries. This was named the â€Å"traditional family†. A transformation has taken place within communities altering the â€Å"traditional† family ways. The system in which one parent worked, while the other parent tended to the children has almost become obsolete. This change triggered the formation of a dysfunctional society where greed motivates both parents in the work force, leaving their children to be raised by institutions sometimes consisting of under-qualified personnel. The traditional nuclear Canadian family is dieing out. Parents are constantly joggling between works, children, and in some cases taking care of elders. Marriage as was previously known has also changed dramatically. Marriage is less valued today than ever before. The fact that the divorce rate has doubled in the last twenty years could lead us to believe that marriage isn’t important to us anymore. Instead of preserving and working out their disputes, people are more frequently choosing to end their relationships. In the past divorce was frowned upon, we were expected to carry on regardless of whether we were happy or not. However, another culprit of breaking marriages is the Divorce Laws of Canada that has made it easier for couples to obtain a divorce. According to statistics Canada, marriage and divorce laws have undergone great changes, in part to accommodate the ever-changing society. It also important to mention the fact that women feel ... Free Essays on Family In this modern day and age, the word â€Å"family† is a very powerful thing. Years and years ago, families used to be networks of togetherness and love. The family went on outings together, ate all their meals together, laughed and played together, and just generally bonded. Today, families seem to be much more meaningless. Minimal time is spent together, family dinners are virtually nonexistent, and the bond and love of years ago just doesn’t seem to be there. I am going to discuss in this essay what the definition of family should be with a quote about family unity, and I will also discuss some definitions of what family is perceived as in the modern world today, by using some quotes about physical distance and emotional distance. These quotes will illustrate exactly how most families operate in our civilization, and it will also talk about how the family would act in an ideal world. Families are said to be â€Å"the root of every living soul†. This tells us that our families are basically what brought us into being, what gave us life, what shaped our values and beliefs, and what ultimately launched us towards our own independence. Family is basically what keeps us on our own two feet; a support system, if you will. Jane Howard puts it best: â€Å"Call it a clan, call it a network, call it a tribe, call it a family. Whatever you call it, whoever you are, you need one.† This quote suggests what a family should be in an ideal world. A support group, a â€Å"clan† of people who are behind you every step of the way, no matter what. This quote also tells us that everybody needs a family, no matter who they are. Everybody needs someone that they can turn to in times of need. That is what a family should be. The scary part is that if we keep this up, in one hundred years or so, we might have descended into complete desolation. There may be abso lutely no socializing with the family, and no bonding whatsoever. We must stop this decline at... Free Essays on Family One of the main institutions in society is found within the household and is popularly known as "The Family." It is here, in the family, where the commencement of society takes place. It is amongst this unit that the origin of women's oppression began with the constant power struggle between man and woman. With the "nuclear family" slowly being thrown out the window and the new "dual-earner" family creeping in to takes it's place, it's no wonder that women's positions have changed radically over the past one hundred years. Although their positions in the family and work force are indeed changing, their workload, however, is not. With this radical change many issues can be addressed, particularly, to the women's role and how it has remained fairly constant over the years. A closer examination will look at the development of gender inequality within the family as a result of the ever-changing issue. A second issue that needs to be inspected is that the family roles have changed in regards to family make-up as women have moved into the work force. This growing capital effort to increase standards of living by pushing every family member into the paid labour force has taken a toll on the family unit. The final issue that will be investigated in this report is how the traditional sex roles have remained constant, even with women's ever-changing family position over the years. For decades, commencing back to the time when patriarchy was the "norm" and women were their husband's property, men have oppressed women. This ideology of patriarchy existed way before it was ever examined by sociologists and it was accepted as a natural or biological way of living. It wasn't until the 1960's when feminist groups began to explore patriarchy and at the same time began to exploit it, that patriarchy was established. Feminists at that time, and even still today, believe that patriarchy operates to achieve and maintain gender inequality and ... Free Essays on Family I have known for quite some time that my mothers’ side of the family was a little bit on the crazy side, but I did not care, they were my family, and I loved all of them, most of the time anyway. About a month ago, I discovered that although my Aunt Elaine and Uncle Dale had been divorced for some ten years, Elaine was trying to sue Dale, for she felt that she deserved a portion of the money that Dale was about to receive from selling their marital home. Even though Dale has only been my Uncle through marriage he will always be family, for he has shown me nothing but love and generosity. I spoke with my parents about the subject and was appalled at how greedy my Aunt was being. She did not deserve a penny of his, and we all knew that. Dale had paid his dues and then some to Elaine over the years; physically, mentally, emotionally and financially. I met my parents at the courthouse, because afterwards, I would be going to my boyfriend, Kyle’s house for dinner. As I stood outside the historic building conversing with my parents, Uncle Dale, his girlfriend Janice, and their lawyer, I spotted the rest of my family arriving, this included Grandma and Grandpa, Aunt Eva, Elaine, and her boyfriend Bob, as well as their lawyer. As they approached the courthouse, I could feel the hatred from their eyes burning a hole through my heart, which was extinguished when my Grandfather flashed me a smile and wave. And I could see that even though it had only been two months since I had last seen Elaine that she had put on a considerable amount of weight. To me, this was a sign that she knew what she was doing was wrong, and I knew in my heart, that the judge would be able to see this evil character behind her made up face, just as I could. It seemed like eternity waiting for the case to be called. Dale was concerned that if Elaine had enough witness’ to lie for her that the judge would rule in her favor, though I assured him that... Free Essays on Family Throughout my lifetime, the opinion that I own that defines a typical family unit has varied greatly. As you grow and mature you learn that the structure and characteristics of your family are very different from that of the family unit in other cultures, lifestyles and regions. In the time that we live in today it is not unusual to have a gay brother sister or even father living in the house across the street. As many cultures and families accept this alternative lifestyle, many do not and oppose with strong cultural reasoning behind them. In fear of breaking cultural traditions and norms many gay family members are frowned upon, shunned or just plain left out of the loop of family circles. Their can only be hope that the family members who find themselves in difficult situations as these can look to love and embrace the choice that their family member has made. In The Wedding Banquet, â€Å"Commitments† and â€Å"A Chinese Banquet†, examples of each one of these is sh own through a cultural looking glass and how that affects the given situation. In all three situations, the issue of marriage raised conflict between the speaker and the family members. In The Wedding Banquet, Wai Tung was under the pressure from his parents to follow traditional Chinese culture and marry a woman and eventually have children. He was also under pressure from Wei Wei to marry, specifically her, so that she could gain residency in The U.S. In dealing with this situation we see that Wai Tung creates a false marriage to pacify his parents to succumb to wishes of following their cultural beliefs. In â€Å"Commitments† we see that the speaker in this piece show the expectations of marriage in his family and how he doest include those plans in his personal life plan. Hemphill writes â€Å"my arms are empty, or around the shoulders of unsuspecting aunts, expecting to throw rice at me someday†. Through this we can see the speaker’s awareness of how he is given... Free Essays on Family Family Family is a truly a wonderful thing. You can’t live with ‘em, you can’t live without ‘em. There are many kinds of families in this world, yet it is a privilege to be a part of one, no matter of the type. There is no one set definition for family, and no dictionary, nor I can properly describe the true meaning to each individual person. However, the way I feel, is that family are people that love and respect each other to unparalleled degrees and are with each other, because they choose to be and want to be with each other. Each individual person has their own definition of family, yet to each other it may not seem like much, just as many families themselves. Although, no all may show it, there is always some kind of special bond between family members. First off there are many types of families, yet the typical family has always been the â€Å"traditional family† which was in turn the majority. However in today’s world, the â€Å"traditional family†, which is usually a husband and wife that are married and have a few children, has taken a decline and has now become the minority. Now a days, more and more people choose not to get married, or not to have children. The purposes a family are numerous, yet people choose not to see this. The main purpose or function of a family is to love and support each other through thick and thin, no matter the situation. Of course when there is religion involved, religion usually is the most important thing. To love and serve God’s word takes precedent over anything, and the family supports each other through this. Respecting each other seems folly to even mention, but it must be, since loving and respecting can mean very different things. People often love because they f eel obligated, but when respect is given as well, it goes along with love to show how much all people in the family mean. Even if this means that showing your love to your â€Å"hated† brothers and sisters, it must be... Free Essays on Family Families The traditional family consists of one man and one woman joined in marriage, along with any children they may have. Throughout the history of mankind, family structure, values and qualities were fairly well remained. However, in today’s society, due to lack of religion and morality among other things, the family value system is rapidly failing. Our society must emphasize the good values of the traditional family. With the different variations of the family, which are: both parents working, one biological parent living with the child and friends living together away from home because they can afford it that way. This can cause great problems among children in American Society. Poverty, crime, and declining school performance are three of the greatest concern that can be attributed to children being raised in untraditional families. The crime rate is both increasing rapidly and becoming more violent. Many crimes can be attributed to the rise of non-traditional families. A child needs to have a father not only to enforce positive behavior, but also to punish improper behavior. Also, a child needs a father as a role model. Mothers are equally important to give loving care and provide support. Additionally, untraditional or improper behavior displayed by parent or parents may have long lasting negative effects on children. Despite the fact that children attend school regularly, their decline in performance is on the rise. Though their attendance is required, they often learn little or nothing. Sometimes graduating high school students have difficulties to solve simple math problems. Also one of the biggest problems of reforming the school systems is the fact that the number of children coming from disrupted families is rising. Another reason for the decline in school performance is that coming from broken homes, these children are worried and cannot concentrate in school, because they may need to work to he... Free Essays on Family Out of the Ashes I’ll never forget December 31, 1999. It was the most horrible night of my life. It was the night our house burned down. It was a night of terror that I hope my family and I never have to go through again. We literally escaped with the clothes on our backs. Even though it was the most horrifying thing that ever happened to us, it was also the beginning of many miracles and revelations. I remember arriving home from work that night around 12:30 a.m. and found my two sons waiting up for me. We talked for a while and had a bowl of homemade chicken soup. The kids wanted to stay up late and enjoy their Christmas presents, but I could only think of getting to bed. After throwing a load of clothes in the dryer, I tucked my boys into bed. My oldest son Erick Jr. put up a little bit of a fight about having to go to bed because he wanted to watch his brand new television set. Looking back, it was his small measure of rebelliousness that would eventually save our lives that night. I was awakened at 2:00 a.m. by Erick Jr. telling me that he smelled smoke. I was half awake and without my contact lenses, I had a hard time stumbling out of bed and down the hall. Suddenly, I was pushed aside by my husband, who had heard the word â€Å"smoke† and bolted out of a deep sleep. As we ran to the kitchen, we could see an orange glow at the bottom of the door leading to the garage. My husband opened the door and we could see that the back of the dryer was on fire. My husband tried to douse the flames with a bucket of water, but after seeing that the flames were climbing the wall and going into the rafters, he yelled at me to dial 911. This was obviously not the smartest thing to do, but we were in a panic and not thinking straight. It turned out that the fire had already burned most of the wiring in the house, and the phone was dead. I thought...

An Existentialist Reading of Catch-22 essays

An Existentialist Reading of Catch-22 essays Mankind has always been in search of something more meaningful than we can truly comprehend, when in actuality, there really isn't anything we can truly comprehend to begin with. Mankind is plummeting towards an unknown destiny of prosperity or devastation and there is truly nothing we can do or say to stop whatever occurrence awaits us. Joseph Heller brings us a little closer to our insane destiny with his novel Catch- 22 as he depicts grimly absurd scenes that are "all about a society that is fast going insane", according to John W. Aldridge. Characters cursed with savage physical desires and characters cursed with one-dimensional thoughts are the basic make-up of this extremely intricate novel. The reader is constantly aware of basic human desire, but then they're reminded of the absurdity and pointlessness of the world in which they desire. Heller highlights the essential nonsensicality of our existence through the use of absurd, and yet somehow depressingly realistic circumstances that force the reader into wondering why they go through so much trouble to exist in a world that most certainly has no point. Heller does an excellent job of highlighting the importance of basic human desires, and they play a pivotal role in this novel. Heller uses each of his characters to introduce a new desire and or physical need that humans experiences in all phases of their lives. Hungry Joe represents sexual desire, the Chaplain represents the desire for basic human companionship, Milo depicts the desire for success and money, and so on and so forth. Almost all of Heller's Characters are in search of something, they all want to feel something or be a part of something in order to feel connected to something. Yossarian is constantly falling in love because he needs to feel that connection to another human being. Yossarian needs to know that it is possible for two humans to connect in a way that ...

INDIAN NEGOTIATION STYLES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

INDIAN NEGOTIATION STYLES - Essay Example Its significance in business negotiations is however more important because it not only establishes understanding, but it derives advantages to the negotiating parties and the better a party can negotiate, the more benefits are derivable from the process. The research topic that explores negotiation strategies in the Indian culture is therefore important to stakeholders to international business involving the country, and its exploration promises a base for understanding communication strategies within the country’s culture. The research topic is further important, and therefore worth exploration, because of the Indian expanding economy that has become a center for international trade. International business entities have consequently shifted their attention to the country for either market for their products or for resources for production, and negotiation for better contracts is essential (Misra, 2009). Existence of diversified players from different countries with different culture further identifies the significance of culture on business negotiation in the country. Bowie’s exploration of the relationship between culture and business relations identifies awareness of communication styles across different nations as a factor to successful business relationships in the cultures. The author explains that such cultures are different across countries to indicate that a business negotiation between parties from different countries requires the parties understanding of each other’s culture (Bowie, 2007). An expression’s meaning in one culture may be different from its perceived meaning in another culture as has been noted in business negotiations between American managers and their counterparts from Asia and Middle East (Hooker, 2008). A study of negotiation strategies and traits in Indonesia has also identified the significance of understanding the country’s culture in order to benefit from business negotiations (Gray, 2010). Similar observations have

Gender Roles in the novel The Color Purple by Alice Walker Essay

Gender Roles in the novel The Color Purple by Alice Walker - Essay Example The entire story of the book is told through the narration of Celie, the protagonist, who undergoes several troubles during her early childhood before being sold by the name of marriage. Struggling through her dark past, where she is violently raped by her perverted stepfather, she goes through another doomed phase in her life. She gets severely beaten up every day by her husband, who also refuses to inform Celie about the letters from her sister Nettie. Still, Celie goes through all these torments and comes out as a winner at the end of the story. The book is a story about the progress of the will of a woman to counter all the struggles she faces in life, a display of power of friendship and faith in motivating a person and, delivering the message of happiness that one gets by being self-satisfied. The Color Purple, during its time of release, created a flurry of arguments about the themes written about in the story. One of the major themes that drew many of the critics’ attention was the theme of gender roles. Although, Walker had established the default characteristics of men and women in the book, there was this subtle element of versatility present in each and every character of the book that completely abolishes any notions of traditional qualities that were displayed through these roles. Some of the examples that could be given for this change include the change of thought process in the minds of Albert, Celie’s husband and in the submissive role played by his brother, who is unable to bring his wife under control and as a result, gets to work under his wife. The representation of unconventional treatment of the gender can be first viewed through the role of Mr.__________, as introduced by Celie and commonly known to everyone as Albert. Albert, having lost his first wife, looks out for a second wife to assist him and his children. Having known to everyone has an unpopular girl, Celie

Kant and Descartes Essay Example for Free

Kant and Descartes Essay â€Å"Idealism is the assertion there are none but thinking thing beings. All other things, which we believe are perceived in intuitions, are nothing but presentations in the thinking things, to which no object external to them in fact corresponds. Everything we see is just a construction of the mind. † (Prolegomena). Idealism maintains that there are no objects in the world, only minds. According to idealism, the existence of outer objects is uncertain and ambiguous. Idealism is the group of philosophies asserting that actuality is fundamentally mental, or otherwise intangible. Kant holds the belief that objects only exist as perceptions is fundamentally idealist. The argument begins by making the point: our senses never enable us to experience things in themselves, but only know their appearances. This idea depicts space and time as empty forums to determine how things appear. Kant discusses how math consists of synthetic a priori cognitions, or the ability to provide new information that is necessarily true, and its relation to geometry. Kant believes there is some form of pure intuition innate within us. This innate intuition is what allows us to identify different notions without reference to sense experience. In the opinion of Kant, the possibility of mathematics rests upon the possibility of â€Å"synthetic propositions a priori†. (Prolegomena). There is a priori certainty of geometry. A priori knowledge or justification is independent of all experience. A priori judgments are based upon reason alone, independently of all sensory experience, and therefore are applicable with universality. According to Kant, â€Å"Geometry is based upon the pure intuition of space. † (Prolegomena). We cannot have any perceptions of objects if not in space and time. Kant declares, â€Å"it must first exhibit its concepts in intuition, and do so a priori, in an intuition that is not empirical, but pure. † (Prolegomena). Geometry, as the innate intuition of space, derives from the sequential moments of our innate intuition of time. If space were not built into of our innate composition, two things with all of the same properties would be in every way identical. Space and time are not properties of the objects in things themselves, but rather, qualities of our knowledge of the things. Space and time are referred by Kant as the â€Å"modes of representation†, or â€Å"forms of sensibility†, of objects. (Prolegomena). Kant believes inner experience is all that we can be certain of and that the e? ects can only conclude the existence of the external world has on us. If space and time are subjective, then everything in space and time are subjective. If space and time were things in themselves that we could only understand by reference to experience, geometry and math would not have the a priori certainty that makes them reliable. If space and time do not belong to the things themselves, and we cannot know anything in space and time, then we don’t know the things in themselves. As a result of this, Kant says that appearances are â€Å"That is pure space is not at all a quality of things in themselves but a form of our sensuous faculty of representation, and that furthermore all objects in space are mere appearances†. (Prolegomena). This declaration regarding things being tangible reveals Kant’s view of transcendental idealism, faces the issue of things existing at all, directly. Immanuel Kants most influential contribution to philosophy is transcendental idealism. Transcendental idealism is fundamentally a doctrine about space and time. The idea is we cannot perceive things in and of themselves directly; what we perceive must first be interpreted by our senses, then by our sensibility and understanding. Though Kant has argued that we cannot perceive things in themselves, but only appearances of things, Kant believes intuition, and the senses control our perception. And anything, which we may perceive, is made up entirely of appearances. Kant argues, subsequently, things themselves in some way cause these appearances. Kant maintains that things in themselves, independent of our perception, exist, and that they are the source of what we do perceive. All other things, which we think are perceived in intuition, being nothing but representations in the thinking beings, to which no object external to them corresponds in fact. Representations of our sensibility can be said to be reflections of our mind. Kant makes this claim stating, â€Å"The understanding intuits nothing but only reflects. † (Prolegomena). This proposes the question regarding idealism, because something cannot be fully understood, does it still exist? Unlike Idealism, which generally manifests skepticism, the existence of things is crucial to Kant’s philosophy. However, Kant insists we cannot know anything about these things purely through their appearance. Kant asserts: â€Å"which is unknown to us but is not therefore less real. † (Prolegomena). Kant is claiming this ideal is contrary to idealism. Descartes decided that he could throw all things into doubt except that he was thinking and doubting. This supports the concept of idealism because it emphasizes the centrality or importance of the mind. Descartes, like Plato and Augustine divided his world into two areas. For Descartes the two areas were the cogito and the Deity. Rationalists, like Descartes, aim to escape the confines of the mind by constructing knowledge of the external world, the self, the soul, God, ethics, and science out of the simplest, indubitable ideas possessed innately by the mind. Descartes argued that knowledge came from the mind, or idealism. It was Descartes’s idealism that would force him to his separation of the mind and body. Descartes believes in the ability to deny the existence of the physical world. Kant’s major disagreement with Descartes would be in postulating an existential reality outside of the mind. An object does not depend on a mind perceiving it for it to exist though the mind does depend on the transcendental categories to perceive of those objects in a meaningful way. â€Å".. Desire this idealism of mine to be called critical. But if it be really an objectionable idealism to convert actual things into mere representations†. (Prolegomena) Kant expresses his impulse to change transcendental idealism to critical idealism at the end of this section.

The Terminal Tale of Today Will Be A Quiet Day :: Today Will Be a Quiet Day Essays

The Terminal Tale of Today Will Be A Quiet Day  Ã‚        Ã‚   After reading "Today Will Be A Quiet Day" by Amy Hemple, I had an eerie feeling that something bad was going on behind the scenes. I feel that the father has a terminal disease and he wants to happily live out the last few days of his life. I think that there is conclusive evidence that "Today Will Be A Quiet Day" is not a happy story, but in fact a sad one. First of all, death plays a huge role in this story. Death is brought up so many times in this story one can only conclude that there is some kind of foreshadowing going on. For example, the very first line of the story deals with disaster and death. In the first paragraph the boy talks about what would happen if an earthquake occurred while they were on the bridge. He says, "I think if the quake hit now the bridge would collapse and the ramps would be left" (1202). At the end of the first page the father remembers a boy who went to his son’s school who committed suicide. Another part of death in this story is the mention of the family dog that was put to sleep five years ago for biting a little girl. The daughter had always thought that the dog had gone to live in the mountains, but when she finds out that the dog was put to sleep, she gets all upset about her loss. Even the joke about the guillotine that the girl tells involves death. All of these examples are h ints that there is a death in the near future. The fact that the mother is not mentioned throughout the whole story implies that she is no longer around to take care of the children. The father, then, makes little hints about his departure such as, "Who will ever adopt you if you don’t mind your manners" (1204). Although, this may have been a joke it is far too serious to let go. This is a serious sign of a fatal illness. Yet another sign of fatality is the mention of the tombstone, and this is tied directly, and significantly, to the title of the story.

Marketing Mix Halal chips

The purpose of this paper is to presents the results of the comprehensive marketing analysis of the feasibility of introduction of Halal chips to Indonesian market. The study consists of the overview of the product (using certain elements of the Marketing Mix methodology) and the overview of the target market (a full macro environmental analysis, encompassing the scan of political, economic, social, and technological aspects of the chosen market), followed by a conclusion concerning the rationale behind the introduction of Halal chips in Indonesia. Product: Halal chips Marketing Mix is one of the most effective tools to formulate a comprehensive marketing strategy. Marketing Mix is sometimes referred to as the ‘4 Ps’, which stands for product, place, price, and promotion. Sometimes this list is extended to ‘7 Ps’ to include people, process, and physical evidence; however, this paper will focus on the discussion of the traditional model. There are two basic marketing approaches to evaluating the product – Product Life Cycle and Three Levels of a Product. Product Life Cycle (PLC) model compares the existence of the product on the market with the biological life cycle: ‘After a period of development it is introduced or launched into the market; it gains more and more customers as it grows; eventually the market stabilizes and the product becomes mature; then after a period of time the product is overtaken by development and the introduction of superior competitors, it goes into decline and is eventually withdrawn’ (Marketing Teacher, 2006, The Product Life Cycle (PLC), para.2). Product Life Cycle is viewed as being comprised of four distinct stages such as introduction, growth, maturity and decline. At the Introduction stage, the pressure for immediate profit is less important than creating the first impression about the product. At the Growth stage, many competitors exist on the market, therefore companies tend to form strategic alliances, joint ventures, or merge. Profits are growing, and wide-scale advertising is the focus. At the Maturity stage, sales growth is stable, and the companies pay most attention to differentiating their offers and promoting the product through various media. At the Decline stage, the product is either radically transformed or withdrawn from the market. When introducing Halal chips to Indonesian market, it is of paramount importance to choose appropriate strategy at every stage of Product Life Cycle. Immediately after the introduction, it is necessary to develop a positive image of Halal chips. At the Growth stage, it is imperative to maintain a competitive advantage over competitors. At the moment, the competition is not intense, yet the situation may change if the introduction of Halal chips proves to be a success. At the Maturity and Decline stages, strategies like repackaging, differentiating (e.g. adding new flavors), and aggressive advertising will have to be applied. Another marketing model that can be applied to analyzing Halal chips is the Three Level Model. The Three Levels of a Product model argues that within each product it is possible to distinguish three different levels — the core product, the actual product, and the augmented product. The core product is the immediate benefit the customer receives from the ownership of a product. The actual product is the tangible, material thing. The augmented product encompasses the added value of the product, i.e. additional services that accompany the product. The examples can include ‘toll-free customer information, installation guides, delivery, warranty, and after-sale services’ (Lilien & Rangaswamy, 2006, p.234). In the case with Halal chips, the level of augmented product is virtually non-existent, therefore, the main focus should be on the levels of core product and actual product. The core product should be larger than the actual, tangible product. Through advertising and correct positioning, it is necessary to have the customer associate benefits from buying Halal chips not only with delicious taste and hunger satisfaction, but also with adherence to tradition or good times shared with friends while eating the chips. Pricing policy is another vital aspect of marketing the Halal chips. There are different pricing strategies, and the application of each strategy should rely on all other elements of the Marketing Mix. The basic pricing strategies include Premium Pricing, Penetration Pricing, Economy Pricing, Price Skimming, Psychological Pricing, Product Line Pricing, Optional Product Pricing, Captive Product Pricing, Product Bundle Pricing, Promotional Pricing, Geographical Pricing, and Value Pricing. In the case with Halal chips, Penetration Pricing can be used at the initial stages of the introduction of the product. This strategy implies that the price is artificially lowered with a view to establish the company on the market. When Halal chips are established on the Indonesian market, Price Skimming can be used. It is applied by companies that have a significant competitive advantage. Price Skimming can not be sustained for a long time as new competitors, lured by high revenues, enter the same segment of market. At the stages of Maturity and Decline, Economy Pricing might be the most feasible option. Economy Pricing means that it is a low price offered by a company that keeps marketing and manufacturing expenses at a minimum. Target Market: Indonesia Presently, Indonesia is a market that offers many lucrative opportunities for doing business in different spheres. However, it is necessary to assess all the possible risks involved, including political, economic, social, and environmental factors. Political Recently, Indonesia has been showing signs of enhanced political stability. The political climate of the country has become more favorable for further economic and social changes. In the framework of Reformasi movement following President Suharto’s resignation in 1998, greater democracy was introduced into Indonesian political life. However, problems include pervasive corruption, administrative obstacles to doing business, and the danger of radical Islamist ideology overtaking the political scene. Terrorism threat also remains high. Separatism is another risk factor: although a political settlement to an armed separatist conflict in Aceh was achieved in 2005, Indonesia a very diverse country where conflicts between different ethnic groups are hard to avoid. Economic Indonesia was badly hit by the Asian Financial Crisis of 1997, therefore the government increased its intervention in economic matter. Nevertheless, Indonesia has a functioning market economy. Furthermore, the government struggles to change the regulatory framework to attract more investment. Major problems include instable legal and judicial system, weak competition laws, and lack of internationally acceptable accounting and disclosure standards. Social Indonesia has a large population, which is supposed to increase in the years to come, given the present annual growth rate of 1.25%. Therefore, the number of potential consumers of Halal chips is doomed to increase, since chips and related snacks are popular among teenagers and youth. In terms of religious affiliations, 86% of Indonesians are Muslim. An interesting trend observed in Indonesia is the gradual Westernization of the society coupled with greater observance of religion and traditions. Therefore, there exists a degree of fascination with Western lifestyle (e.g. eating chips), yet there is also an avoidance of conflict between consumerist values and well-entrenched traditions (e.g. chips have to be Halal). Technological From the technological perspective, Indonesia is striving to meet all the international standards in this field. Indonesia has been noted for the rapid development of infrastructure and modernization of its production facilities. The development of Indonesian technological sphere may leave much to be desired, yet shows clear trends towards substantial improvement. Conclusion The entry of Halal chips into Indonesian market has high chances of being successful. Given the high percentage of young Muslim population, the target market is large and growing. However, the commercial success of such an entry depends greatly on the carefully chosen marketing and promotional strategy, pricing, and advertising. While there are some risks involved, mostly of political and economic nature, they can be offset by lucrative business opportunities Indonesian market offers. References Lilien, Gary L., & Arvind Rangaswamy. Marketing Engineering. Ottawa, Canada: Trafford Publishing, 2006. Marketing Teacher. ‘The Product Life Cycle (PLC).’ 2007. November 21, 2007. Â   Â   Â   Â  

Regulatory Barriers And Legislative Actions Health And Social Care Essay

The Healthy People 2010 includes ends of eliminate wellness disparities among sections of different populations ( U.S. Department of Health and Human Services Office of Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, 2005 ) . Surveies have shown that rural countries experience more wellness disparities such as both morbidity, mortality, and with insurance coverage ( Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, 2009 ) . Age is besides an of import factor that contributes to healthcare barriers such as homebound position and transit affairs. The aged have systematically accounted for about 50 % of all health care expenditures in the United States ( Cousineau, 2010a ) . As the demand for the wellness attention additions, there will be fewer health care workers for attention bringing. If the current tendencies continue, the spread between supply and demand of rural doctor and nurses will be even larger than in urban countries ( Cousineau, 2010b ) . Given the continued growing of chronic unwellne ss in our society and the detonation of new health-related engineerings, surgical techniques and drugs ( Cousineau, 2010c ) , inquiries of how, or if telemedicine can cut down costs or better entree must be address in order to see it as a feasible solution for the drawn-out health care bringing in the United State.IssuesIn malice of the progresss of medical engineering and wellness information sciences that have improved the ability for telemedicine to supply entree to a spectrum of attention, insurance companies and funders continue to eschew the issue of reimbursement for telemedicine services. Indeed, though there has been great promise of telemedicine development really small advancement has really been achieved. The primary challenges continue to be limited reimbursement, licensure, and patient privateness ( Matusitz & A ; Breen, 2007 ) . Since Senate Bill 1665 enacted the â€Å" Telemedicine Delivery Act of 1996 † which imposed legion demand regulating the bringing of h ealth care via telemedicine, several related policies such as HR3030 and HR3200 have besides been introduced to Congress to supply low-cost telemedicine services with ordinances. However, they are all still pending and have been unable to continue. Since there is no direct opposition disputing telemedicine-related policies, this paper will concentrate on discoursing the regulative barriers and legislative actions forestalling them from come oning. With respect to the limited research grounds and expertness in telemedicine, this paper will besides analyse the recent Congressional proposal HR 1601 by sing the quality and wellness results of telemedicine system. Last, it will discourse the impact of Healthcare Reform on telemedicine and my recommendation for future waies.Regulative Barriers and Legislative ActionsLicensurePresently each province regulates its ain pattern of medical specialty. This is a jurisdictional right that is recognized by the Supreme Court. For this ground, most healthcare professionals are licensed on a state-by-state footing. Telemedicine hence is besides geographically regulated by single provinces. Many legal issues originate when a â€Å" pattern † is done via a telecommunication nexus across different province lines. Each province they cross into can enforce a demand on the supplier to keep a full medical licence before seeing their out-of-state patients via telemedicine engineerings. It is hard and dearly-won for healthcare practicians to keep and keeping multiple licences, particularly those in the rural countries where the healthcare demand is non stable ( Cousineau, 2010b ) . For this ground, many merely choose to restrict their pattern to a individual province. In 1996, the Federation of State Medical BoardsA developed theoretical account statute law which allows a province to supply and administrate a limited telemedicine licence. This limited licence permits wellness practicians to pattern in different provinces via telemedicine engineerings, but non physically. Conversely, the American Medical Association decided to follow a policy that requires a full and unrestricted licence in order for a doctor to pattern telemedicine across province lines ( Nickelson, 1998 ) . Beyond licensure issues, while interstate telemedicine patterns could better entree to our current health care systems, it besides raises inquiries about malpractice and struggle of jurisprudence. Presently each province develops its ain malpractice insurance evaluation and most malpractice insurance does non use in instances outside of the province. On the other manus the suppliers of each province are besides concerned about how to exercise legal power over such malpractice claim against other suppliers from out of province who may non be capable to the legal power of the administrative regulative organic structures. Although a national licensure theoretical account for telemedicine seems like a logical solution, it is improbable to get the better of the political and constitutional issues in one measure. A regional geographic attack affecting province medical insurance companies to clear up coverage bounds and develop new policies might be more executable. For illustration, based on telemedicine activities from the Governor ‘s Associations and Councils in the yesteryear, Cwiek et Al found that the Southern Governors ‘ Association and the Western Governors ‘ Association demonstrated a important degree of leading in the country of telemedicine. They have proven to better entree to healthcare and medical specializers and cut down medical costs by traveling information alternatively of people ( Cwiek, Rafiq, Qamar, Tobey, & A ; Merrell, 2007 ) .ReimbursementIn 1997, both the House and the Senate passed HR2015 – Balanced Budget Act. It enabled partial Medicare reimbursement f or Telemedicine services. However, professional audience was the lone service allowed by the measure and the payment had to be shared among assorted parties with really rigorous ordinances. In 2000, Congress passed appropriations measure HR 5661, the Medicare, Medicaid, and SCHIP Benefits Improvement and Protection Act, which significantly revised Medicare ordinances for reimbursement for Telemedicine services ( The American Telemedicine Association, 2010 ) . The Healthcare Financing Administration extended Medicare coverage to medical visits, audiences, mental wellness services, and pharmacologic monitoring of patients populating in the rural country. Further, it extended payment rates to suppliers which were similar to that paid without the usage of telemedicine. Medicare besides pays a installation fee for per telemedicine session. However, obstructions remain because the reimbursement is normally allowed for directed physical communicating merely, such as face-to-face audiences. Besides, the opposition of reimbursement from the private insurance companies continues with non-feasible ordinances ( Matusitz & A ; Breen, 2007 ) .Limited research grounds on Telemedicine and HR1601HR1601 was introduced to the Congress by Jefferson in 2007 and it was referred to Committee for consideration of telemedicine service facilitation ( Thomas Library of Congress, 2007 ) . The end of this measure is to bespeak grants to put up telemedicine services in a spectrum of assorted healthcare systems including nursing place and public clinics. Rather than proposing the solution or overall support mechanism in the long term the purpose of this measure is to bespeak support for telemedicine pilot undertakings and bring forth research grounds. HR1601 would guarantee that the Office for the Advancement of Telemedicine in the Health Resources and Services Administration ( HRSA ) would supervise and organize pilot surveies with related federal bureaus of medical underserved populations in both urban and rural country, with the assistance of grants. HRSA would do recommendation harmonizing to their rating of whether these undertakings consequences in addition of entree and quality of attention, publicity of patient independency, lessening wellness disparities, and betterment of cost effectivity ( Prinz, Cramer, & A ; Englund, 2008 ) .QualityThe quality of telemedicine services has the most direct impact on the likeliness of go throughing policies of support. In order to present the optimum telemedicine service the quality of the telemedicine system needs to be reliable, user friendly and cosmopolitan in order to incorporate into assorted computerized system. Standardized counsel should be implemented so the telemedicine system can efficaciously and accurately pass on with bing computerized system in the infirmary and place wellness bureaus. The challenge lays in the complexness of telemedicine engineering, including hardware and package mutual exclusiveness, syste m integrating complexness, and communicating troubles due to low velocity digital lines ( Prinz, et al. , 2008 ) . Information could be lost while meeting communicating troubles and equipment failures which would earnestly impact the dependability of telemedicine service suppliers, particularly private place wellness bureaus in the rural country.Health resultUse of Telemedicine engineering ( such as picture cameras and supervising devices ) in the Home Care puting additions entree to healthcare bringing by leting direct communicating between patients and wellness practicians beyond geographic and temporal boundaries. There is increasing grounds demoing that that telemedicine is associated with the positive result of self-management and conformity in chronic unwellness such as cardiovascular diseases and diabetes ( Artinian, 2007 ; Chumbler, et al. , 2005 ) . On the other manus, some argue that this grounds is non quantifiable because of the use of assorted telemedicine engineerings in different disease countries. The deficiency of thorough clinical tests might be the ground that holds back reimbursement organisation and promotion of telemedicine uses ( Prinz, et al. , 2008 ) . Some grounds even shows that using telemedicine services contributes no difference in patients ‘ wellness result but a greater cost comparison to other healthcare bringing methods ( Bowles & A ; Baugh, 2007 ) , therefore corrupting the necessity to reimburse a more dearly-won healthcare bringing method.The Impact of American Recovery and Reinvestment Act & A ; Patient Protection and Affordable Care ActBased on the belief that wellness information engineering and electronic medical records are indispensable for the transmutation of telemedicine health care bringing, the federal authorities utilized the commissariats of the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 ( ARRA ) to authorise about $ 38 billion in funding for wellness information engineering substructure over the foll owing 6 old ages. The inside informations about how this support will be utilized are written in the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health ( HITECH ) subdivision in the ARRA. The largest part of this support is targeted at incentive payments by Medicare and Medicaid to eligible suppliers for the execution of wellness information engineerings. Specifically, in order to be qualified for these inducements the health care suppliers must follow a certification for the electronic medical record system and exhibit the practical usage ( Cline, 2010 ) . In March 2009 President Obama signed HR 3590, the Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act ( PPACA ) into jurisprudence. ThisA important wellness attention reform jurisprudence allows advanced payment and service bringing theoretical account to better entree, quality of health care, and cut down plan cost to persons, written specifically in Section 3021 ( Government Relations Staff, 2010 ) . A New Center for Medicare and Medicaid Innovation will back up primary attention practicians on flying telemedicine application in chronic attention direction. It will implement telemedicine plan in infirmaries, accountable attention organisations, and independency at place for distant patient monitoring. This jurisprudence encourages wellness information engineering and electronic medical records acceptance to ease attention coordination. It besides allows each province to utilize the new Medicaid â€Å" Health Home † plan to progress chronic attention.RecommendationsOverall, I believe that the Telemedicine can increase entree and cut down cost in the long tally with the support of American Recovery and Reinvestment Act & A ; Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act. There is no uncertainty that the Telemedicine is capable of transforming our health care bringing system in both positive and negative waies, nevertheless, I believe that the pros outweigh the cons. It is notable that most of the up to day of the month pilot research surveies mentioned supra have made positive impacts on the entree of healthcare bringing. Inadequate and unequal coverage for telemedicine service earnestly delayed the execution of cost-saving and quality-improvement solutions, and constrained the entree and picks in assorted forte services in rural countries. Current expanded Medicare coverage for Telemedicine is in procedure of work outing this issue, but specifically I think Congress should besides widen Medicare coverage to medical services using â€Å" store-and-forward † t elemedicine ( for illustration direction and showing for diabetic related retinopathy ) , and to suppliers whose services are otherwise covered for Medicare. I besides recommend a more aggressive plan for pull offing the demands and costs of chronic patients who are presently homebound or are potentially at hazard to be administered into a infirmary or nursing place. Thousands of veteran patients are profiting from place wellness telemedicine plan to organize their attention. The US Veteran Affairs have found that their patients follow the usage of these devices easy and are really satisfied with their attention coordination service ( US Department of Veterans Affairs, 2009 ) . Therefore, Congress should advance Home Telemedicine and include it in the reimbursement component to cover the costs of related devices and engineering. Most provinces ‘ Medicaid already covered some telemedicine services. It can be optimize by back uping primary attention doctors to suit telemedicine services, maximise the usage of picture and telecommunication to cut down patients ‘ travelling, and increase â€Å" store-and-forward † engineering uses such as sharing medical images for diagnosing. The current rural wellness plan should prolong the operation of high-velocity cyberspace entree and wireless connexion within all eligible wellness installations to accomplish efficiency and cost-effectiveness. Congress should besides set up a licensing board to promote interstate medical licensure cooperation by geographic zone. Finally, I believe that with effectual execution, wellness practicians and patients can get the better of the challenges limited the development and success of telemedicine.

The Structure of an Airplane essays

The Structure of an Airplane essays The idea of flight has fascinated people for centuries, even to this day, which is why I decided to research on airplanes. When I researched the history on planes, I was surprised at the effort and the time people long ago spent trying to make a machine that flies. I also wondered, like many, how an airplane is able to fly and sustain in the air. Wanting to know the answers to these types of questions I had, gave me the determination to really researched this topic. History of Planes Early History The idea of flying existed from a long time ago. Ancient legends showed numerous references to the possibility of flight. Philosophers believed that it could be achieved by imitating the wing motions of birds. The artist Leonardo Da Vinci sketched ideas on how a man can fly. 19th Century The development of aviation took various paths during the 19th century. The father of aviation, Sir George Cayley was a British aeronautical engineer and inventor. He proved his ideas of flight with experim ents involving kites and controlled human-carrying gliders. Charles Augustus Lindbergh was the first person to make a nonstop solo flight across the Atlantic. He made the flight to win the prize of $25,000 offered by Raymond B. Orteig of New York City for the first nonstop transatlantic solo flight between New York City and Paris. In his single-engine monoplane named the Spirit of St. Louis, he left Roosevelt Field at 7:52 AM on May 20, 1927. After a flight of 33 hours 32 minutes, he landed at Le Bourget Airport near Paris. The Wright Brothers On December 17, 1903, near Kitty Hawk, North Carolina, the brothers Wilbur and Orville Wright made the world's first successful flights in a heavier-than-air aircraft. The brothers had designed, constructed, and flown the airplane. On that day, each brother made two flights. In 1904, the brothers continued the development of their airplanes design and also improved their skill as pilots. They made 105 flights, the ...

Global Variables in Ruby

Global Variables in Ruby Global Variables are variables that may be accessed from anywhere in the program regardless of scope. Theyre denoted by beginning with a $ (dollar sign) character. However, the use of global variables is often considered un-Ruby, and you will rarely see them. Defining Global Variables Global variables are defined and used like any other variable. To define them, simply assign a value to them and begin using them. But, as their name suggests, assigning to global variables from any point in the program has global implications. The following program demonstrates this. The method will modify a global variable, and that will affect how the second method runs. $speed 10 def accelerate $speed 100 end def pass_speed_trap if $speed 65 # Give the program a speeding ticket end end accelerate pass_speed_trap Unpopular So why is this un-Ruby and why dont you see global variables very often? Put simply, it breaks encapsulation. If any one class or method can modify the state of the global variables at will with no interface layer, any other classes or methods that rely on that global variable may behave in an unexpected and undesirable manner. Further, such interactions can be very difficult to debug. What modified that global variable and when? Youll be looking through quite a lot of code to find what did it, and that could have been avoided by not breaking the rules of encapsulation. But thats not to say that global variables are never used in Ruby. There are a number of special global variables with single-character names (a-la Perl) that can be used throughout your program. They represent the state of the program itself, and do things like modify the record and field separators for all gets methods. Global Variables $0 - This variable, denoted by $0 (thats a zero), holds the name of the top-level script being executed. In other words, the script file that was run from the command line, not the script file that holds the currently executing code. So, if script1.rb was run from the command line, it would hold script1.rb. If this script requires script2.rb, $0 in that script file would also be script1.rb. The name $0 mirrors the naming convention used in UNIX shell scripting for the same purpose.$* - The command-line arguments in an array denoted by $* (dollar sign and asterisk). For example, if you were to run ./script.rb arg1 arg2, then $* would be equivalent to %w{ arg1 arg2 }. This is equivalent to the special ARGV array and has a less descriptive name, so it is rarely used.$$ - The interpreters process ID, denoted by $$ (two dollar signs). Knowing ones own process ID is often useful in daemon programs (which run in the background, unattached from any terminal) or system services. However, this gets a bit more complicated when threads are involved, so be wary of using it blindly. $/ and $\ - These are the input and output record separators. When you read objects using gets and print them using puts, it uses these to know when a complete record has been read, or what to print between multiple records. By default, these should be the newline character. But since these affect the behavior of all IO objects, theyre rarely used, if at all. You may see them in smaller scripts where breaking the encapsulation rules is not an issue.$? - The exit status of the last child process executed. Of all the variables listed here, this is probably the most useful. The reason for this is simple: you cant get the exit status of child processes by their return value from the system method, only true or false. If you must know the actual return value of the child process, you need to use this special global variable. Again, the name of this variable is taken from the UNIX shells.$_ - The last string read by gets. This variable may be a point of confusion for those coming to Ruby f rom Perl. In Perl, the $_ variable means something similar, but totally different. In Perl, $_ holds the value of the last statement and in Ruby it holds the string returned by the previous gets invocation. Their usage is similar, but what they really hold is very different. You dont often see this variable either (come to think of it, you rarely see any of these variables), but you may see them in very short Ruby programs that process text. In short, youll rarely see global variables. Theyre often bad form (and un-Ruby) and only really useful in very small scripts, where the full implication of their use can be fully appreciated. There are a few special global variables that can be used, but for the most part, they arent used. You dont really need to know all that much about global variables to understand most Ruby programs, but you should at least know that theyre there.

Consumer Behavior Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Consumer Behavior Paper - Essay Example In this case, my problem was motivated by an internal stimulus. The social factor that prompted my decision was the need to experience convenient mobility around my hometown. Additionally, the psychological motivator was the need to be feel I belonged to the same class with my peer, Arnold. When it came to seeking information about possible solutions to my needs, I looked for external information because I had never owned a car before. My search was active; initially Arnold was the primary source. He explained the fundamentals of a fuel efficient vehicles and the convenience offered by different transmission system. He suggested many models, but only two met buying criteria; Honda CR-V 2014 or a Toyota Harrier. Additionally, I did an online search on the various sports utility vehicles available before the search culminated with visits to at least three dealerships. Salesmen offered different pricing range for the two models. They explained the off-road performance for each type. I was had a hand on experience with both vehicles through brief road tests. Evaluating the alternative needs the buyer to choose a model by which to access the available choices. I used the expectancy value model. Fuel efficiency, five gears automatic transmission, sunroof, intelligent multi-information display and price were the attributes I was seeking in a car. My comparison was based on ease of operation with an element of perceive reliability. It is worth noting that consumer will always assess products by the characteristics or benefits that are significant to them. Since I was a young, I always wanted my first car to be blue in color, and this can attributed to my association of the color blue with coolness. While making these decisions, there were risks that I perceived in my mind could come as a result of making that purchase. These included; functional risks, physical risks, and psychological risks. To deal with the

Partnership approach in providing safer communities Essay

Partnership approach in providing safer communities - Essay Example Since in so providing safer communities, partnerships must be evaluated on the basis of minimized violence or potential sources of violence, this paper will also attempt to provide statistical analysis which will profile the role violence plays in the relation with the night time economy. The paper will therefore formulate a conclusion and recommendations that would either support the continuation or abolition of these partnerships. 2.1 Are these statutory and voluntary agencies including probation, health, local authorities, and police really working in partnership to provide safer communities? What is the proof, if any, to show that communities are now safer after the partnership or partnerships? The answer here of course is in the affirmative. In fact partnerships in crime prevention at UK are created by law. Maldon District Community Safety Strategy (2005 – 2008) reported Essex Police Crime Reduction Targets 2005-08 to prove its accomplishments as follows: During 2002-2005 overall crime fell in the Maldon District. Thefts from motor vehicles reduced by 63% and reports of domestic violence fell by 24%. However, criminal damage increased 56% and theft of motor vehicles by 77%. Historically, the District has not suffered from large numbers of vehicle thefts and the large percentage increase must be considered against that background with thefts rising from 95 to 170 in the past 12 months. High value cars have been targeted by displaced thieves believed to be operating in the District following successful campaigns to reduce car thefts in neighbouring areas. Maldon District Council (n.d.) represents itself as a partner Responsible Authorities Group (RAG) which actually includes the following: Essex Police – Division, Essex Police Authority, Maldon District Council, Essex Fire Service, Essex County Council and Maldon PCT. Steering Group includes member of the RAG and representatives, drawn from many statutory and voluntary organisations operating in